![]() ![]() ![]() Kodrat wanita became a benchmark by which women were measured during this period, and to a large extent this code is still valid today. Linked with the Five Duties was kodrat wanita (women's destiny), an unofficial code of conduct, loosely based on biological determinism. ![]() Based on traditional notions of womanhood, these duties were used by the Indonesian State to restrict women's activities to the private sphere, that is, the family and domesticity. Statement of Authority of access: This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act leather Cuniow,C70 Date: A,5 hit tibigki ittoolģ ABSTRACT: WOMEN ON THE MARGINS During New Order Indonesia ( ) women's roles were officially defined by the Panca Darma Wanita (The Five Duties of Women). University of Tasmania, Hobart School of Asian Languages and Studies October 2007Ģ STATEMENTS OF OrtiONALITY / AUTHORITY TO ACCESS Declaration of otiginahty: ibis thesis contains no material which has been acep ted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institutions, except by way of hackground information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of the candidate's knowledge and belief, no material previously published or written by another person, except- uthere due actabowledgement has been made in the text of the thesis. Curnow Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1 WOMEN ON THE MARGINS AN ALTERNATIVE TO KODRAT? by Heather M. ![]()
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